The logic of appropriability: From Schumpeter to Arrow to Teece     

Sidney G. Winter 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1100-1106

This note expounds the abstract fundamentals of the appropriability problem, re-assessing insights from three classic contributions—those of Schumpeter, Arrow and Teece. Whereas the first two contributions were explicitly concerned with the implications of appropriability for society at large, Teece's main concern was with practical questions of business strategy and economic organization. This note argues that, his practical concerns notwithstanding, Teece contributed, en passant but fundamentally, to the clarification of basic questions that previous authors had addressed less comprehensively and less satisfactorily. Specifically, his analysis of the innovator's access to complementary assets, undertaken from a contracting perspective, can be seen as filling a significant gap in the previous theoretical discussion of appropriability.  相似文献   

诺贝尔奖得主寄语中国未来的科学发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Sidney Altman  丁肇中  野依良治  Heinrich Rohrer  Michael Spence  Alan G.Mac Diarmid 《中国科学院院刊》2006,21(4):274-275

5月25—26日,在纪念国家自然科学基金委员会成立20周年的“21世纪科学前沿与中国的机遇”高层论坛上,6位诺贝尔奖得主做了精彩报告。在对中国科学的未来发展寄予殷切期望的同时,他们也对中国的科技政策提出了具有启发性的建议。现摘编如下:诺贝尔化学奖得主、美国耶鲁大学教授S  相似文献   

In search of useful theory of innovation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard R. Nelson  Sidney G. Winter 《Research Policy》1977,6(1):36-76

This essay presents an overview of the prevailing theoretical literature on innovation, probes the adequacy of existing theory to guide policy regarding innovation, and sketches some directions for more fruitful theorizing. The focus is on the vast interindustry differences in rates of productivity growth, and other manifestations of differential rates of technological progress across industries. It is argued that the most important policy issues involve finding ways to make the currently lagging sectors more progressive, if in fact that can be done. Theory, to be useful, therefore must organize knowledge and guide research regarding what lies behind the uneven performance of the different economic sectors. In fact prevailing theory cannot do this, for two basic reasons. One is that theory is fragmented, and knowledge and research fall into a number of disjoint intellectual traditions. The second is that the strongest of the research traditions that bear on the differential innovation puzzle, research by economists organized around trying to ‘fit’ production functions and explain how production functions ‘shift’, neglects two central aspects of the problem; that innovation involves uncertainty in an essential way, and that the institutional structure supporting innovation varies greatly from sector to sector. The bulk of the paper is concerned with sketching a theoretical structure that appears to bridge a number of presently separate subfields of study of innovation, and which treats uncertainty and institutional diversity centrally.  相似文献   

Books received     

Sidney Rosen 《科学教学研究杂志》1966,4(3):209-209

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Can there be creativity without creation?     

Sharon Bailin 《Interchange》1984,15(2):13-22

Conclusion This analysis has demonstrated the difficulties in viewing creativity in terms of personality or cognitive traits considered apart from products produced. The idea of creativity seems necessarily connected to that of actual creation, and so the claim that one can be creative without ever creating anything appears highly suspect, if not contradictory. This conclusion, however, casts doubt upon the attempt by contemporary educators to equate the fostering of creativity with the pursuit of personal growth and mental health. The interests of creativity are better served, I would claim, by the encouragement of high level achievement within particular disciplines and subject matters. In order to foster creativity, we must promote actual creating.  相似文献   

The Library Profession in the Time of Open Access     

Sidney Eng 《期刊图书馆员》2017,73(3-4):215-225

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低pH漂移腐蚀事故及处理对策     

孙柏林 《河北北方学院学报(社会科学版)》2002,18(3):60-62

随着全球工业的发展 ,冷却水的用户日益增多 ,冷却水系统中金属腐蚀与防护问题正在引起人们的重视 .低pH漂移引起的腐蚀就是其中之一 .  相似文献   

Archives in the trenches: repatriation of African National Congress liberation archives in diaspora to South Africa     

Mpho Ngoepe  Sidney Netshakhuma 《Archival Science》2018,18(1):51-71

The African National Congress (ANC) liberation archives were created in countries all over the world. These liberation archives form part of the national archival heritage of South Africa as they bridge the gap of undocumented history of people who were previously marginalised by the apartheid government. After the ban on liberation movements was lifted in South Africa, the ANC embarked on the process of identification and repatriation of the records that were fragmented throughout the world. This study investigated the approaches followed by the ANC in identifying and repatriating its liberation archives from the trenches to make them accessible. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with purposively selected employees of the African National Congress, MultiChoice, Africa Media Online and the Nelson Mandela Foundation who were involved in the repatriation of the liberation archives. Interview data were augmented through content analysis of ANC documents such as policies, websites and annual reports, as well as observation of the storage conditions of the liberation archives. The key findings revealed that the ANC established an archives management committee that played an important role in the identification, repatriation and, ultimately, digitisation of liberation archives. The committee utilised former liberation struggle members to identify records in ANC hosts in various countries. It was established that, although the ANC was aware of where its records were abroad, not all its records were repatriated to South Africa after the unbanning of the liberation movements. For example, there were host nations, like Italy, that disputed the return of the ANC liberation archives to South Africa. The liberation archives are in the custody of the Fort Hare University as a chosen official repository for the ANC. It is concluded that the repatriation of the liberation archives is an ongoing process, as not all records have been repatriated to South Africa. As the ANC is in power at the time of writing, this is the opportunity for the organisation to negotiate with countries that still have custody of its liberation archives, such as Italy, to repatriate such records to South Africa. A further study on legal ownership and copyright, digitisation and ensuring the authenticity of the ANC liberation archives is recommended. This study can be extended to other liberation movements in southern Africa.  相似文献   

基于Gaia方法对ADEPT系统的分析和设计     

王巍  刘白林 《科技广场》2008,(8)

通过Gaia方法对ADEPT系统进行初步的分析和设计,并和面向对象方法的分析和设计进行比较.  相似文献   

Partnering with school providers to codesign mental health interventions: An open trial of Act & Adapt in urban public middle schools     

Sarah K. Bearman  Abby Bailin  Erin Rodriguez  Alison Bellevue 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1689-1709

Schools are well positioned to provide access to youth mental health services, but implementing effective programs that promote emotional and behavioral functioning in school settings is complicated by the poor fit of interventions developed in research settings to complex school contexts. The current study formed a research–practice partnership with two urban public schools and mental health providers employed by those schools (N = 6, 100% female, 50% Black/African American, 50% White/Caucasian) in the adaptation of a depression prevention intervention, Act & Adapt. The intervention was modified by decreasing meeting time and streamlining session content, increasing flexibility, making intervention materials more similar to academic curriculum, and increasing the focus on managing disruptive behavior within group sessions. In an open trial, sixth-grade students (N = 22; 59% boys, 31% Hispanic, 22% Black/African American, 4% Asian, 30% White/Caucasian) at both schools who were identified as clinically “at risk” reported improvements from baseline to postintervention and at 1-year follow-up on measures of emotional and behavioral difficulties and coping strategies, with parallel results by caregiver report. The providers reported satisfaction with the intervention, and qualitative analyses of provider focus groups suggested both barriers and facilitators to research-practice collaborations to implement mental health interventions in schools.  相似文献